Project Finance Project Management College Uk Essay

NAME: OMATSONE ONETORITSEBAWO LOUIS QUESTION: REPORT ON PROJECT FINANCE MODULE 12 TOPIC: THE PROJECTS APPROACH STUDENT ID: PMC 26995-NG-UK PROJECT MANAGEMENT COLLEGE UK TABLE OF CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT FINANCE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2. FEATURES OF PROJECT FINANCE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 3. FINANCING STRUCTURE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 4. METHOD OF FINANCING A PROJECT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 5. CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 6. REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT FINANCE Project finance according to Larry Wynant, is â€Å"a financing of a major independent capital investment that the sponsoring company has segregated from its assets and general purpose obligations†. World Bank defines project finance as the â€Å"use of nonrecourse or limited-recourse financing (Comer, 1996). Project finance is a way of funding where the moneylender accepts future returns from a project as an assurance on a loan (Slivker, 2011). Project finance is simply a way of financing or funding a project. Objective The objective of using project financing to raise funds is to build a structure that has interest to investor, and to reduce the stakeholders’ risk by diverting some of the risks to parties that can manage them better. Payment of principal, interest, dividends and operating costs is derived from the project’s incomes and assets. The shareholders, in both debt and equity, require certain basic legal, regulatoryShow MoreRelatedStudent1258 Words   |  6 Pagescom I am a hard working, energetic individual with strong project management, relationship management and communication skills and have a proven track record for achieving set objectives and goals. 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Analysis Of Dr. Oz s Doctor Oz - 942 Words

Doctor Oz is a clinical psychiatrist, uses regressive hypnosis to try to unlock the personalities battling inside her. As the movie progresses, Dr. Oz develops a chart of her primary three personalities that displays differences. Alice is a left-handed white woman with an IQ of 102. Frankie is a right-handed African American woman with an impressive IQ of 152. Frankie smokes but Alice does not. Genius, the 7 year-old, has an IQ of 156 and needs glasses because she is near-sighted. Thus, there is an evidence that Frankie has disruption of identity characterized by three distinct personality states (DSM-V, p. 292). The alterations in behavior, consciousness, perceptions and cognitions are clearly observed by Dr. Oz. Moreover, there are other scenes in the movie, which demonstrate that other people notice the change in Frankie’s behavior and actions as well: attacking the nurse in the psychiatric hospital, the scene of Paige’s wedding or her breakdown in the laundromat. 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Work and Organisation for Lesser Hierarchical -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theWork and Organisation for Lesser Hierarchical Structure. Answer: Introduction Accepting lean principles and lean thinking is bringing numerous changes in organizational hierarchy improving the efficiency of internal procedure, with aim of reducing waste and achieving customer value. The changes have been affected by information and communication technology, And especially the internet and mobile devices. Changes are an integral part of the organization and bringing them in practice has difficulty. Key changes in the organization: Lesser hierarchical structure: Chain of orders is difficult to maintain and can't respond rapidly to changing business market requests, for example, pressure for lower process time and ceaseless innovation (Walker, Damanpour Devece, 2010). Chains of the hierarchy are being followed by inter changing unit hierarchical groupings, as lesser layers and more decentralized basic leadership helps organization to face challenges. Foggy boundaries: As companies started moving towards more organized structure which is turning down the previous rules of organization, so employees should start together working for facing this trend efficiently. Limits between offices and between work categories (supervisor, professional, specialized) reduced, and there is a greater demand for work and knowledge sharing. Team building: The step towards team based organization has led to reducing inefficiencies and quick decision. It also helped in improved work structure and organization pressure on management. New perspective: Employees nowadays are dedicated more towards organizational aim and mission rather than complying with orders. Outsourcing: Outsourcing appears to have turned into the new pattern in organization procedure. In outsourcing, some portion of the association's manufacturing or administration process is stopped and transferred to another company, along with staff and resources. The fact behind the idea is potential monetary advantages and reduced efforts (Martinez, et al., 2010). Issues during organization changes: The absence of training: On the expectation that a normal change will require new preparing and none is offered, the company will face resistance. Preparing new ways or strategies inside an organization is vital, particularly when a company has a wide generational age of representatives who communicate and learn in an indifferent way. The organization should devise the preparing plan to keep this issue settled. Change not working: If employees are responding to changes brought in negative ways. The organization should consider the issue and respond accordingly. Mainly resistance is due to change in lack of communication, motivation and skills required and the employee feels that their importance decreased (Kng, 2013). 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With regards to important choices which will influence the whole team, endeavor to solicit conclusion from different parties including colleagues, this can make them feel incorporated into the basic leadership process and may advise a few elements which can be considered. Evaluative conclusion for a manager to implement changes: In order to execute smoothly all changes, a manager should envision what ideal final changes will look like once in the end. With this vision set up, at that point it's a matter of posting and recording the important tasks to fulfill it, and outlining out how, and by whom, these tasks will be finished. Defining governance: Every successful change management will have pre decided governance, which is a framework of upcoming changes and set of defined processes. Structures, duties, an authority must be established at every level of organization. This helps in implementing changes successfully. So a manager should analyse all the things in advance to avoid confusion in future. Stakeholders: Manager should ensure while implementing changes the stake of its shareholders. Lines of communication should be open every time, so that employee and shareholder can contact in case of any query arises (Peccei, Giangreco Sebastiano, 2011). Find supporters: Manager should identify the peoples who are in support for upcoming changes. By identifying these employees and giving them training can help a company to bring changes more successfully. This will help manager to implement changes successfully. Taking reviews: By evaluating the changes as it's occurring, measuring whether its usage is effective and rolling out improvements as fundamental, can keep away from all the more costly errors in future. There are wide ranges of both ways formal and casual, for evaluating and auditing the change procedure (Nordin, et al., 2012). Essentially the objective of manager is to redress any issues rapidly and get input once rectifications have been ensured the amendments are working. Conclusion: From above analysis, it can be understood that changes are an important part of an organisation. Accepting and analyzing the changes in an organization is a crucial part of a decision making for management. If changes are brought with positive effect than changes gives increased result and if changes are not implemented effectively then it can have the worst effect on organization goals. References Kng, L., 2013. Innovation, Technology and Organisational Change.Media innovations: A multidisciplinary study of change, pp.9-12. Martinez, V., Bastl, M., Kingston, J. and Evans, S., 2010. Challenges in transforming manufacturing organisations into product-service providers.Journal of manufacturing technology management,21(4), pp.449-469. Nordin, N., Deros, B.M., Wahab, D.A. and Rahman, M.N.A., 2012. A framework for organisational change management in lean manufacturing implementation.International Journal of Services and Operations Management,12(1), pp.101-117. Peccei, R., Giangreco, A. and Sebastiano, A., 2011. The role of organisational commitment in the analysis of resistance to change: Co-predictor and moderator effects.Personnel Review,40(2), pp.185-204. Thomas, R. and Hardy, C., 2011. Reframing resistance to organizational change.Scandinavian Journal of Management,27(3), pp.322-331. Walker, R.M., Damanpour, F. and Devece, C.A., 2010. Management innovation and organizational performance: The mediating effect of performance management.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,21(2), pp.367-386.

The Process of Marketing, Its Techniques and Tactics

According to Kotler Keller (2009), marketing is the process of organizing and mobilizing resources to facilitate awareness to customers about a certain product or service. The process of marketing involves carrying out marketing researches with an aim of establishing the precise and accurate needs of the target customers in order to satisfy them.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Process of Marketing, Its Techniques and Tactics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Further, Perreault et al (2009) considers the process of marketing as a process which involves utilization of techniques and tactics that are used in selling with an aim of establishing closer relationship between a business and its clients. In this regard, marketing is used in identifying, retaining a customers through satisfying them, as businesses seek to increase their profitability through higher performance. On this basis, successful marke ting is the one that is led by market conditions in order to meet the needs and requirements of the customers largely. As noted by Perreault et al (2009), the philosophy and values of good marketing strategy are embraced in the concept of ‘target customer needs’ and ‘market-led strategies’. Since consumers are considered as rational, their purchasing behavior is largely controlled by their rational decisions. In fact, Kotler Keller (2009) reveals how consumers have choices but lack specific decisions, which ought to be influenced my marketers’ strategies in their marketing process. In this respect therefore, successful marketing is the one that is directed and led by the prevailing conditions in the market, rather than the marketers own assumptions about their customers. By understanding the needs and preferences of their target market, marketers will be able to organize their marketing strategies to fulfill the expectations of their customers. As a result, competitive advantage will be achieved by such marketers. For triumphant marketing, there should be a well established link between marketers and the customers. According to Kotler Keller (2009), the current business environment dominated by massive increase in information technology necessitates coherent interaction between companies and their customers.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On this basis, marketing information systems have been found be of great significance in facilitating market research, which necessary to maintain cordial link between companies and their customers. With respect to Perreault et al (2009), a well established marketing should utilize effective information system to ensure the updating marketers about the market situation through marketing research. It can thus be argued that, marketing information systems facilitate successfu l marketing process, resulting into a well sustained relationship between marketers and their customers. Since companies have their potential customers at different regions, they are necessitated to segment their markets. More specifically, market segmentation involves the division of markets into smaller subsections with regard to the numerous customers a company may be having. More so, the process of marketing requires identification of a particular group of customers in order to enhance easy mobilization of resources to meet their specific needs more accurately through a process called positioning. According to Kotler Keller (2009), positioning involves the process of accurate dedication of certain commodities or services to a specific group of individuals. In order to know the specific requirements of any target group for effective positioning, a marketer should have an extensive market research in such group(s). Generally, all the diverse customer needs ought to be well establ ished for effective positioning in a marketing context, which would be facilitated by cordial and close interaction between marketers and their clients. Though marketing may be perceived literally as resenting customers with products or services, it is rather a complex process which requires strategic aligning of customer needs with the marketers’ strategies. References Kotler, P. Keller, K. (2009). Marketing Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Process of Marketing, Its Techniques and Tactics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Perreault, W. et al. (2009). Basic Marketing: A Marketing Strategy Planning Approach (17th Ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. This research paper on The Process of Marketing, Its Techniques and Tactics was written and submitted by user Senator Bail to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.