FREEDOM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Opportunity - Essay Example In this paper, I will depict my idea of opportunity and why I feel that I am free. I will likewise clarify what thought of opportunity individuals have in their brains and how the importance of opportunity has changed throughout the years. A few people accept that opportunity is something that the Nature has not allowed man with. They certify that life is an arrangement of foreordained occasions that come to us and go leaving indications of bliss or scars of distress on our souls. For them, the Nature has just chosen what our identity is, which race we have a place with, what we will acquire, what we will spend, and where we will live our lives. This idea is additionally a piece of numerous religions where individuals accept that each great and awful originates from God and we are simply made to endure that fortunate or unfortunate. Indeed, even Shakespeare said that this life is a phase and the people are just the entertainers who need to have their influence of the play, and pass on. The strings are in God’s hands. Somewhat, I additionally have confidence in this thing that God has chosen for us numerous things, similarly as Leiter (2010) states, â€Å"Religious convictions include, expressly or verifiably, a power of extreme reality.† But then again, He has likewise left a ton numerous things in our grasp as well. In the event that he has chosen for us who are guardians will be, what shading we will be, what race we will have a place, what language we will talk, what religion we will follow, what relations we will make, at that point he additionally mentioned to us what is correct and what's up and afterward left us allowed to pick whichever way we needed to pick. God disclosed to me the correct way and afterward set me free by giving me types of gear to assist myself with following that way. He disclosed to me an inappropriate way and afterward set me free by giving me the assets which I may profit to follow the awful way. Presently, it is dependent upon me to pick the correct way or the awful one. At that point, who says that I am not free? Obviously, I am free. I am allowed to settle on my own decisions. I am allowed to

National Alcohol Action Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

National Alcohol Action Plan - Essay Example The discerning for this proposition is in various lawful conflicts. To begin with, youngsters are considered as individuals who are not adult enough to take choices all alone (ALAC). Realizing that the utilization of liquor accompanies various compound impacts that limit the degree at which an individual can take choices definitively, it is indicated that on the off chance that with youngsters who need to take choices while they are inebriated their critical capacities could be intensified. What is much more terrible, in light of the fact that kids are for the most part thought to be individuals who can't take unmistakable choices, they are for the most part not considered responsible for their activities including times when they are tanked. For grown-ups, they should confront the outcomes of overstepping different laws and guidelines in the event that they don't regard to the promotion to be reasonable in their drinking and get themselves into any type of difficulty (Babor et al., 2001). Diagram of the Existing Law The current law has for the most part been alluded to as removal of torment. This award may have happened because of the open observation related with the cruelty of the law in attempting to control the issue of liquor addiction in the land. A little logical review on liquor abuse or the demonstration of getting inebriated shows that there could be various negative repercussions on wrongdoers (Center for Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluations, 2006). As a matter of first importance, liquor abuse accompanies an exceptionally risky wellbeing dangers including those that influence the heart, switch and lungs (Department of Corrections, 2004). The act of getting inebriated likewise influences the levelheadedness of an individual and could be related with twisted reasoning. Such twisted reasoning makes individuals act unusually. Notwithstanding legitimate positivism, which takes a gander at the utilization of law from social realities, it b e said that once an individual starts to think nonsensically, that individual will undoubtedly violate different laws; including common laws, for example, the harmony that individuals should appreciate, physical attack, boisterous attack and a few types of vandalism. In actuality, a law that tries to prevent individuals from getting inebriated would not be promptly denounced as skeptical. Nonetheless, here comes the contention that the current law did not depend on the arrangements of legitimate authenticity as it has its denouncing qualities from the Bible †a record that isn't acknowledged by the individuals as the coupling constitution from which they ought to be rules. Qualities of the Existing Law The

A Guide to Acquiring Textbooks

A Guide to Acquiring Textbooks These days, college students are faced with an impossible task: purchasing textbooks. And with the purchase of textbooks comes a boatload of questions. Today, I hope to not only address the most common questions about purchasing textbooks, but smash some common misconceptions, too! 1. Where do I buy my textbooks? View this post on Instagram THE place to buy textbooks, school supplies, and your new favorite Illini apparel! A post shared by Illini Union Bookstore (@illiniunionbookstore) on Aug 25, 2014 at 2:00pm PDT Textbooks can be purchased at the Illini Union Bookstore, located on Wright Street. The Illini Union Bookstore is convenient for all students, offering pick-up, shipping, and returns. Students can search for books by campus term, department, course, and section. Students will also find University of Illinois merchandise for sale at the bookstore. The bookstore is open weekdays from 7:30 am 8:00 pm and weekends from 9:00 am 6:00 pm. 2. Should I buy my textbooks before classes start? Unfortunately, there is no clear-cut answer to this question, as it depends on the course. In my eyes, you can never be too prepared, so if you know you will use your textbook, the earlier the better. However, this is not the most cost-effective method. There is no guarantee that you will use every textbook you buy, or that every textbook listed on your course syllabus will be required. My best advice? Check in with your professor or teaching assistant to ask how the textbook is used in the course. 3. How much will it cost? The shorthand answer? Textbooks can be pricey. In fact, textbooks have wracked up quite a fee in my college spending. That being said, I have developed a few tips and tricks to making textbook-purchasing a more economic decision. First, buy the textbook used instead of new. Used textbooks are often in great condition and can save you tons of money. Second, check second-hand sellers, such as Amazon, for the same book. The bookstore is quick and easy, but may not always be the least expensive option. Again, Amazon offers books new and used. Chegg is also a great resource. In some cases, you may even share a textbook with a friend, which is a two-for-one deal! 4. Should I rent or should I buy? View this post on Instagram Happy New Year! #2020 A post shared by @ chegg on Jan 1, 2020 at 8:15am PST Unless you plan on heavily annotating your textbook, I would stick to renting. But like all things, it comes down to personal preference. Renting will save you tons of money when it comes to acquiring textbooks. The downside, of course, is that the book is not yours to own, and you are responsible for the books damage. Thinking of renting? Check out Chegg, Amazon, CampusBooks, and Kindle. And with this question comes an embarrassing story from my freshman year. Being the poor college freshman I was, I decided to rent a textbook through Chegg for a spring semester course. The spring semester came and went, and I gladly sped into my summer vacation. In July, I received a rude awakening. That textbook I had rented for $20 wracked up a $60 late fee, as I had never returned it. Moral or the story? Set a reminder on your phone to return your rented books well before the due date! Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

Explore How Heathcliff Is Portrayed by Bronte - 926 Words

Explore how Heathcliff is portrayed by Bronte in Volume 1 of Wuthering Heights Bronte centres the novel on Heathcliff’s story. One of the first things Lockwood, the narrator, mentions is how he beholds Heathcliff’s â€Å"black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows†. Straight away the audience pick up on his mysteriousness as the gothic protagonist. The past is hidden deep inside the darkness of his eyes and is reflected in his physical appearance. One very confusing aspect of Heathcliff’s character is his social position, is he a gentleman or a gypsy? ‘Mr. Heathcliff forms a singular contrast to his abode and style of living. He is a dark-skinned gypsy in aspect, in dress and manners a gentleman.’ Here, Lockwood attempts to†¦show more content†¦It is worth, therefore, noticing the significant difference in the two major properties in the novel. Working class people inhabited Wuthering Heights, while Thrushcross Grange was inhabited by those higher on the social ladder. When Heathcliff and Catherine â€Å"peek† through their window, it shows that they aspire to be on the same level, socially. Heathcliff aquires both and this symbolises his character. He has the faà §ade of a â€Å"gentleman† of high social rank, but has the â€Å"gypsy† like demeanour. Heathcliff resides at Wuthering Heights, a place that is constantly bombarded by the â€Å"north wind†. This stormy surround can often emulate Heathcliff’s emotional anger at the betrayal of his beloved Cathy. Heathcliff represents a typical protagonist of the Romance genre at the time; internalised in his emotions and lonely but there is hope that he will ultimately becomes much more of a typical hero with the experience of love. Heathcliff, however, as much as the reader wants him to, never becomes this typical hero and has much the adverse effect from love. Heathcliff is further coupled with his residence with the description of the â€Å"narrow windows deeply set in the wall† that coincides with Heathcliff’s withdrawn â€Å"black eyes†. Bronte makes Heathcliff one with Wuthering Heights; both of them are cold, dark, and menacing, similar to a storm. As the novel moves on, the plot moves backwards in time. At first, we areShow MoreRelatedJane Bronte s Wuthering Heights2486 Words   |  10 PagesThis essay will discuss the way in which the themes of Romance and the Gothic are portrayed heavily in Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s novel, Wuthering Heights, while also being juxtaposed with dogged Realism, in a way that makes Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s work significant and unprecedented. It aims to highlight how contemporary interpretations of the text as a timeless love story have undermined the powerful realism put forth by Brontà «, in her deliberate language and refusal of societal conventions. It will also analyse the extent to whichRead MoreAnalysis Of Wuthering Brontes The Great Gatsby 1628 Words   |  7 Pages This idea of such extreme depression and self-harm portrayed in this way is a more modern point of view. Because of the media, self-injury has become an incredibly open topic and has more of a â€Å"place† in modern society than it would have been in the 19th century. As awareness spreads for problems such as self-harm and depression become better understood and accepted as legitimate, media portrayal of such actions increase (Purington and Whitlock, 2010). Almost everyone can relate or identify withRead MoreTheme Of Nature In Wuthering Heights1458 Words   |  6 Pagesand inherent features of a specific being or object. Present in the novel Wuthering Heights, written by Emily Bronte, the nature aspect life depicts is uncovered in various types of ways. Brought to attention throughout the novel is the use of weather and seasonal change, as well as characterization and how one can discover a form of nature from the perspective of a certain character. Bronte expresses the form of nature through characterization, imagery, and setting to portray the overall theme thatRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1936 Words   |  8 PagesWuthering Heights, a novel by Emily Bronte is one of the most admired and fa vorable written works in English literature. When the novel was published in the year 1847, it sold very poorly and only received a minimum amount of reviews. Although the novel does not contain any sexual relations or bloodshed, it is considered to be inappropriate due to its portrayal of an unconstrained love and cruelty. Wuthering Heights is formed on the Gothic tradition in the late 18th century, which consists of supernaturalRead MoreWuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « Essay1912 Words   |  8 PagesWuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « BRONTË USES IMAGERY EFFECTIVELY TO EMPHASISE THE CHARACTERS OF HEATHCLIFF, CATHERINE AND LINTON AND THEIR COMPLEX RELATIONSHIPS IN Read MoreEssay on Early Criticisms Of Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte2511 Words   |  11 PagesHeights was actually written by Emily Bronte, but she adopted a male alias as female authors rarely got published. Her work was praised for the imagination used, but criticised for its moral ambiguity. Wuthering Heights challenged Victorian ideals and this shocked its first critics. The fact that Emily Bronte felt the need to use a male alias is an indication of how she feared the public would receive her book. Wuthering Heights may be seen as shocking, as Bronte addresses many Victorian ideals with Read MoreEssay on Emily Bronte Illusion and Reality3043 Words   |  13 PagesA consideration of how Emily Bronte, Tennessee Williams and Shakespeare consider the notion of illusion and reality in the context of a love story. Wuthering Heights follows the Romantic Movement, a movement within literature during the late 18th century with captured intense emotion and passion within writing as opposed to rationalisation. Emily Bronte’s main focal point within the novel is the extreme emotion of love and whether it leads to the characters contentment or ultimate calamity. ThisRead MoreVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 Pagesmost vital issue for all citizens was stability and rising standards of living. Artists of ‘Pre- Raphaelite Brotherhood’ claimed to write only true about nature, concentrate only on the true ideas. These three years saw the rise of such works: of Bronte sisters’ Poems, Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, William Thackeray’s Vanity Fair. The Following twenty years could be seen as the high period of ‘Victorian novel’. Despite being a mixture of boom and slump, the yearsRead MoreErnest Hemingway Essay6491 Words   |  26 Pagesclosest companions admiring in awe. Probably, all of the above allowed Hemingway to live through several divorces and the untimely suicide of his father whom he loved so dear, and still write with the greatest of adroitness and emotion. Maybe that is how he has endeared himself to the entire world and why his legend will live for eternity. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of Hemingway’s resounding qualities is that his writing has the quality of reality and not idealism. For him, writing is truth

The Impact Of International Students On Domestic Students...

In the last post, we talked about the benefit of studying abroad. When people mention the benefit of studying abroad, most of them think about the â€Å"personal benefit†, such as honing the language skills, taking in a new culture and experiencing different styles of education. However, few people notice that international students also have a huge â€Å"social benefit† on domestic students and universities. There is no doubt that it is a totally new and meaningful perspective to think about the significance of studying abroad. The education counts blog discusses the influence of international students on their peers and host communities, in the post, â€Å"The Impact of International Students on Domestic Students and Host Institutions†, which leads me to rethink the significance of international education and studying abroad. Studying abroad can not only benefit international students, but also domestic students and universities in the United State. Before I read the blog post, I considered that international students were the main beneficiaries of studying abroad. By studying abroad, students have the opportunity to study in a foreign nation and take in the allure and the culture of a new land. However, after reading the blog post, I reconsidered the significance of international students. International students have great social, educational and cultural impact on domestic students and universities. For domestic students, international students provide opportunities for them to beShow MoreRelatedInternationalization Of Canadian Post Secondary Campuses2514 Words   |  11 Pagesthe mobility of students, institutional partnerships and programs, and the transnational marketing and delivery of programs (Garson, 2012). According to the research in the Garson’s journal, four different possible ration ales for internationalization in higher education include: the political, the academic, the culture and social, and the economic factors . When looking at the Canadian International Student Strategy, two provinces host the majority (68%) of international students or (180,000) withRead MoreThe Asia Pacific Foundation Of Canada3529 Words   |  15 Pagesto be more proactive enticing international students with better funding and a coordinated national marketing campaign. Conversely even greater work is needed to encourage Canadian students to venture abroad to study languages, cultures and business in Asian countries. The Foundation publishes a variety of Weekly Bulletins and in-depth reports. (Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada [APFC], 2005) 2. In this article discusses Asia-Pacific Foundation of Canada (2014) student participation on Canadian campusesRead MoreThe Emerging Market Of Online Learning Across Borders Essay1872 Words   |  8 Pageseducation. While this is a positive transformation for students on a global scale, the many domestic and international regulations that exist have created numerous obstacles to access. The emerging market of online learning across borders has triggered many nations to enact legislation to ensure rules are followed and the transfer of such services are regulated. While many of these regulations are in place to protect institutions and students, they have also created barriers to open access on a globalRead MoreImpact Of Diversity On Campus Impact On Academic And Social Effects1413 Words   |  6 Pagesline and came out with agreement to support race- based admission policies such as Coca-Cola, General Electric, and Hewlett-Packard. All students on campus can get benefit from diver sity because diversity leads people to learn from a variety of backgrounds and enhance innovation and collaboration. Research indicate that increasing the racial diversity on campus impact the academic and social effects positively. However, to enhance and promote diversity, one must be able to comprehend culture conceptRead MoreBenefits and Challenges of International Education1808 Words   |  8 PagesChallenges of International Education Introduction As U.S government provide more opportunities for international student to study in U.S, the education of international students in US universities has grown greatly over recent years and California has very high ratio of international students to local students. A question comes up into my mind that should students study abroad? If the answer is yes, what are the benefits on both side of international students and local students? According toRead MoreFactors Influencing International Students Choice Of An Educational Destination9131 Words   |  37 Pages Factors Influencing International Students’ Choice of an Educational Destination – A case study of the University of Birmingham (UoB) Researcher: Van Hai Nguyen Supervisor: Professor Jo Andrews Programme: MSc International Business Academic year: 2014/2015 Student ID: 1504119 Word count: 11,460 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the MSc in International Business (2014/2015)â€Æ' Acknowledgement I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my supervisor Professor Jo AndrewsRead MoreMega Trends : Global Trends And New Ways Of Living And Working3310 Words   |  14 Pagespotential to thrust education institutions, companies, governments and societies into freefall. The change heralded by these megatrends lies beyond our direct control but not beyond our influence. By getting a picture of how the world is changing and what these megatrends are, we can alter our destiny and remain viable and thrive in the future. Not only can we understand our market threats, but more importantly we can identify business opportunities and it is those institutions that recognise global trendsRead MoreTightening Restrictions On Foreign Students Essay1901 Words   |  8 Pages1. Introduction A. Conservative party promises 2015 With the newly elected Conservative government planning on tightening restrictions on foreign students studying in the UK, the populace must be informed as to the extent of the damage inflict on the economy by foreign students and foreign graduates who stay in the economy and they must also be well informed as to the short and long-term implications of policy change affecting educational temporary migration as a party of the overall moving structureRead MoreAmerican Foreign Policy And The Education System1471 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Noam Chomsky speaks about education, he referred to it as an â€Å"imposed ignorance†. Thoughts on Intellectuals and The School is written by world-renowned linguist, Noam Chomsky as a response to the issues of Western education and the impact it has in the lives of the intellectuals and scholars. Chomsky is noting that intellectuals often cared more about attaining power than exposing the lies and truth. With that, he provided examples from th e failure of the American Foreign Policy and decisionRead MoreIdentifying And Evaluate Depression Among Graduate Students1759 Words   |  8 Pagesamong graduate students, relations to student development theory, and provide treatment outcomes and implications for student affairs professionals to practice. Depression is a disabling disorder that can disrupt an individual’s ability to function occupationally, socially, physiologically, and psychologically for long periods at a time (American Psychiatric Association, 2014). In the U.S. alone, an estimated 17 million adults suffer from depression yearly and affecting college students as the most

The Assassination Of John F. Kennedy - 2481 Words

Article ONE It was, and still remains, one of the most controversial cases in American history. There are plenty of conspiracy theories, philosophies, and thoughts on what happened that fateful day, but one-question remains; who really killed President Kennedy? John F. Kennedy was born in Massachusetts on May 29, 1917 where he grew up in a large family with eight brothers and sisters (â€Å"John F. Kennedy,† 2009). John was a popular student and actively participated in many sports, and although he wasn’t the smartest student, his father always believed he’d become someone great. Kennedy graduated from Harvard in 1940 and would soon join the Navy, which is when his political career would begin (â€Å"Life of John,† n.d.). During his time in the Navy, John lost his brother Joe in a plane crash, which changed everything for him. When he returned from the Navy after the war ended he was awarded the Marine Corps Metal for his leadership and courage (â€Å"Life of John,† n.d.). These events influenced Kennedy to think about what he wanted to do as a lifelong career, and his older brother soon convinced him to run for Congress (â€Å"Life of John,† n.d.). After serving his term in Congress, Kennedy qui ckly became popular with both his peers and the people, and on July 13, 1960 the Democratic Party nominated him as a candidate for President. President Kennedy would be the youngest and first Catholic President of the United States. During his Presidency Kennedy wanted to achieve great things andShow MoreRelatedThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy982 Words   |  4 Pages O’Reilly and Dugard’s book, Killing Kennedy, is about the events leading to President John F. Kennedy being shot, as well as what happened after the assassination. This book also describes the rise and fall of John F. Kennedy. The authors also wrote about the Cold War, Kennedy dealing with communism, and threats of crime. January of 1961, the cold war was growing stronger and Kennedy was struggling with communism. During all of this happening, he was learning what it meant to be a president. HeRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1620 Words   |  7 Pages Ever since the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963, there has been controversy over whether the true gunman was held accountable. The United States Government claimed that it was an easy, open and closed case. They found Lee Harvey Oswald, close to ground zero, with a freshly fired riffle, immediately after JFK was shot. Contrary to the governments report, skeptics argue a vast scope of conspiracies to shed light on what they believe happened that day; ideas ranging from magic bullets, multipleRead MoreThe Kennedy Assassinations By John F. Kennedy Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pages Decades later, the Kennedy assassinations and surrounding mysteries continue holding public interest. Although their notoriety as charismatic leaders is a significant contribution, other factors regarding societal psychology deserve consideration whilst exploring this phenomenon. With these events occurring during a time that allows living witnesses, modern accessible evidence, various media covera ge, and visible modern impact, the mysterious Kennedy assassinations have the capacity to encourageRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy Assassination1618 Words   |  7 PagesJohn F. Kennedy Assassination Was John F. Kennedy’s assassination a single shooter or was it a conspiracy? Since November 22, 1963 people around the world have wondered who it was that shot President Kennedy, and what for. So many questions have formed around this event, not just about who the shooter was, but also questions like what might the world have been like today if the shooting didn’t happen? The Kennedy assassination has been a mystery for many years. A lot of people hear about the differentRead MoreAssassination Of John F. Kennedy1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy â€Å"Our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this planet. We all breathe the same air. We all cherish our children’s future. And we are all mortal.† President Kennedy stated in his commencement speech at American University on June 10, 1963. John F. Kennedy was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 to his assassination in November 1963. There are numerous conspiracy theories involving Kennedy’s assassinationRead MoreAssassination of John F. Kennedy931 Words   |  4 PagesThe John F. Kennedy assassination is believed to be one of the most controversial and debated topics in American History. JFK was one of the most beloved presidents of our time. Other assassinations of presidents didn’t have as many Conspiracy theories compared to the JFK assassination on November 22nd, 1963. Some of the theories include a Government cover-up, Mafia influence, and Cuban President Fidel Castro (Stern). T he assassination of John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas, raised many questions thatRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1500 Words   |  6 PagesOn November 23, 1963, three shots were fired at President John F. Kennedy’s limousine in Dallas, Texas. The first shot went through the president’s neck, the second was the fatal shot that would ultimately end Kennedy’s life. There is a lot of speculation about what really took place in the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Many people believe that Lee Harvey Oswald worked alone, but there are many people across the nation who think differently. Many theories can both support and disprove that LeeRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated on November 22, 1963 at 12:30 p.m Central Standard Time in Dallas, Texas while riding in a motorcade in Dealey Plaza.[1] Kennedy was fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald while he was riding with his wife, Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally s wife, Nellie, in a presidential motorcade. A ten-month investigation by the Warren Commission from November 1963 to September 1964Read MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesThe book I chose to read is The Assassination of John F. Kennedy by Lauren Spencer. It was published in 2002 by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. It contains 64 pages. This book not only provides information on the killing of President Kennedy, but also information on his life, the arrested murderer s life, and more interesting background information and details. This books main objective is to go deeper into the case of John F. Kennedy s assassination, to discuss personal information about suspectsRead MoreAssassination of John F Kennedy1119 Words   |  5 Pagessixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository Building. However, did Lee Harvey Oswald, a crazy lunatic act alone in the assassination of President Kennedy. Both first – hand knowledge and visual evidence allows people to re – examine the events of this day and prove that there were other gunmen involved in the bombardment of our youngest elected president. John F. Kennedy was depicted as a nationwide hero to many Catholics living in the U.S. during the early 1960’s. He was idolized by several

Measuring Economic Uncertainty Its Efects â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Measuring Economic Uncertainty Its Efects? Answer: Introducation The GDP is considered the main measurement of economic performance. The growth rate of the GDP could be used to monitor the economic performance of Australia over the last decade. The business cycle of the Australian economy passed through five phases that represent the economic situations. Firstly: the expansion phase, as the GDP level rises in a fast way recording (3-3.5) % per year. This phase is associated with high level of spending and low unemployment rates. Secondly: the boom phase, where the GDP reaches its maximum level and the rate of growth starts to ease. Inflation rates rise rapidly, and unemployment rates are decreasing to the lowest levels. Between the years (2006-2008) the Australian economy witnessed its boom, then it started to ease between 2010 and 2011. Thirdly: the slowdown phase, where the growth rates start to grow slowly as a result of low national spending, rising unemployment rates, and low inflation rates. Fourthly: the recession phase, which occurs as a r esult of low production and represent six months of recession. The Australian economy witnessed the recession in 2008 and 2009, which resulted in high levels of unemployment rates, and low inflation rates. Fifth: the domestic economic stability phase, which represents the ideal position of the economy, where the national spending and the growth rate are not increasing or decreasing rapidly. The Australian economy seeks to achieve sustainability by creating (3-3.5) % annual growth rates. The figure (1) shows that the Australian economy witnessed the cyclical economic performance between 2002/2003 and 2013/2014 (The World Bank Group, 2017). During (2009-2012) the economy witnessed a strong recovery after the global financial crisis. Followed by a slow in the growth rate during (2012-2013) which resulted in high unemployment rates. The slow is followed by high and sustainable growth rate of 3% per year (Wong, 2016). In 2016, the growth rate shows sustainability despite the decline in investments. The domestic demand drives the economic growth supported by low interest rates, low inflation rates and low pressure from the global market (Property Industry Research, 2016). These indicators show the good position of the Australian economy. Part 2: Analysis of the variations in the growth rates First: the rise of China and the mining boom. China is considered a global leader, although it still an emerging country. The economic conditions in China potentially affect the economic conditions in Australia, especially the demand for Australian exports. The growth rate of China recorded a level below 7% in 2015. The slowdown of the Chinese economy is mainly affected by the rapid development in the real estate sector, which resulted in volatility and created fears of losses among homeowners and investors. Also, the economy is affected by the high growth in the China' stock market, which lately created uncertainty due to the fall in equity values by about one third its value. Sharp corrective actions resulted in lowering the growth rate to 6.3 % in 2016 (Australian government- department of industry, innovation and science, 2015). Australia is a trading partner of China and it pays a high concern to changes in its economic indicators (Roberts White, 2015). As the two countries have business objectives, tariff elimination has an impact on their economies considering the unemployment rates and the domestic income. The economic cooperation between the two countries enhanced the foreign investments, including the regulations and processes (Australian government- department of industry, innovation and science, 2005). Accordingly the two economies highly connected with each other. Second: the global financial crisis (GFC) and its impact on the Australian economy. The global financial crisis affected the Australian economy in a negative way, as the Australian prospect is factor of the external economic events in the other world countries. The global events offer opportunities as well as threats, what is important is that decision makers take the right decision at the right time (Victoria state government, 2017). Expecting and responding to external events is highly important to protect the economy from external shocks. The Australian economy witnessed a recession due to the global financial crisis (GFC), although, it could repair and grow strongly immediately after the GFC. On average, the economy grew slower than the two decades before the GFC. The rise of resources' prices contributed to the growth rate in Australia. Also, investments grew rapidly in an unexpected way. The Australian economy could benefit from the GFC. Recently, inflation rates recorded low rates associated with lower investment growth, and negative domestic demand (Rees, Smith, Hall, 2015). This analysis shows that the economic decision making could create an opportunity from the GFC and attract investments. Third: the effect of mining boom on the Australian economy Over the last decade that witnessed the GFC, the Australian economy gained from mining exports, which recorded triple their prices. The investments in the mining sector increased to 8% of the GDP, up from 2% only. This is called the mining boom, which caused increases in the standard of living. The per capita household disposable income increased by 13% in 2013, the unemployment rate was lowered by 1.24%, and the real wages increased by 6%. The Australian dollar witnessed a high appreciation (Downes et al., 2014). Accordingly, the mining boom resulted in significant economic growth in the Australian economy. China the Australian trade partner, witnessed a large economic expansion, which positively affected the Australian economy. China imports mining and non-mining goods and services from Australia. The decline in the China growth rate is expected to affect the Australian economy, although the China's economy is now double its size a decade ago recording 552 Bn. US $ in additional nominal output in 2015. The annual growth rate of the service sector in China remained above 10%, which affected the imports of goods from Australia negatively due to deterioration in the manufacturing sector (Shineway , 2016). Regardless of the economic slowdown in China, its trade relations with Australia is still strong and it remains its dominant trade partner. Forth: the Australian policy in response to the global financial crisis The stock volatility is associated with falls in the stock prices. This issue is highly connected to the economic activity, as economic uncertainty may lead to the fall in stock prices (Moore, 2016). The GFC led countries to take the best economic decision to lower the impact of the crisis on their domestic economies. The Australian government could make combinations between the monetary and financial policies. The response to the GFC includes interest rate cuts, bank guarantees, and introduction of large stimulus packages. The strength of the economy represented in the surplus budget, effective regulations, and low rates of debt helped the economy to overcome the negative consequences of the GFC ( Tiernan, 2010). Australian banks conducted the policy of lowering the exposure to low return assets and to provide flexible liquidity levels. Certain issues, including, asset management industry and financial technology are taking place (Reserve bank of Australia, 2017). In Australia, due to vulnerabilities in the household debt and the expansion in the housing market, the Australian Securities and Investments Commission took actions that ensure appropriate level of interests for borrowers to manage the financial distress, and to avoid any probable future crisis (Simon Stone, 2017). Home owners are bec oming more mature than before the GFC in making decisions regarding their investments in the housing market, as they tend to secure their investments to be able to pay back their loans. Part three: Major challenges that faces the Australian economy in enhancing its growth rates In order to manage the challenges that faces the economy, policy makers tend to make trade-offs when taking the economic decision. The Australian economy faces many challenges, including the quantity of material goods and services, which differ from one person to the other and affect the quality of life (Wong, 2016). The Australian economy achieved its sustainability since 2014. In 2015, it could produce 1.6 trillion $. The mining boom finished and the mining sector focused on production. Although, it needs to attract investments in the non-mining sectors to sustain its productivity growth and improve the standard of living. The construction activity started o decrease in 2015 due to the low interest rates, which could not substitute the needs of the engineering construction, noting that the low interest rates encouraged people to own homes but the construction sector could not sustain its rate of growth (Wong, 2016). The economy also faces the challenge of managing the CO2 emissions , although the government imposed a carbon tax in 2012/2013, but the tax had a negative impact on certain population segments. After repealing the tax in the mid of 2014, it is noticed that the steady decreasing rate of CO2 emissions during (2008- mid 2014) did not significantly affect the GDP per capita (Bond et al., 2015). Regarding the foreign trade challenges, Australia faces the challenge of responding to bound rates of tariffs and the non-tariff barriers. Due to the protection policies conducted by different world countries, the G20 decided that the tariff rate should be increased by 15% in all countries (Australian governmnet - Productivity commission, 2017). The last challenges sheds the light on the possibility of repeating the events of the great depression, accordingly, Australia has to adopt the appropriate economic policies that matches the overall slow-down in its foreign trade and the slowdown of the Chinese economy. References Tiernan, A. (2010). Weathering the Global Financial accounting Crisis: reflections on the capacity of the institutions of Australian governance. Australia: Griffith University. Australian government- department of industry, innovation and science. (2005). Australia-China free trade agreement- joint feasibility study. Australia. Australian government- department of industry, innovation and science. (2015). Australian industry report. Australia. Australian governmnet - Productivity commission. (2017). Risisng protectionism: challenges, threats and opportunities for Australia. Bond, C., Burger, N., Nguyen, P. (2015). Implications of Australian economic growth for environmental sustainability. RAND Corporation. Downes, P., Hanslow, K., Tulip, P. (2014). The effect of the mining boom on the Australian economy. Australia: Reserve bank of Australia. Moore, A. (2016). Measuring economic uncertainty and Its efects. Reserve bank of Australia. Property Industry Research. (2016). Australian economic and property report . Australia. Rees, D., Smith, P., Hall, J. (2015). A multi-sector model of the Australian economy. Reserve bank of Austrlia. Reserve bank of Australia. (2017). Financial stability review. Australia. Roberts, I., White, G. (2015). Seasonal adjustment of Chinese economic statistics. Australia: Reserve bank of Australia. Shineway . (2016). Australia-China Trade Report. Australia. Simon, j., Stone, T. (2017). Research discussion paper. Australia. The World Bank Group. (2017, Sept. 22). Economic indicators. Retrieved from www.worldbank.org Victoria state government. (2017). Economics. Australia. Wong, E. (2016). Economic growth and sustainable development. In Macroeconomic aims and goals (pp. 59-109). John Wiley Sons, Inc.

DebateGood morning/afternoon. The topic of our deb Essays

DebateGood morning/afternoon. The topic of our debate is that we need to pay more interested in politics. We, the negative believe this statement is false. The second affirmative speaker has tried to tell you thatThis is wrong because.Our first speaker has already stated that students will have better results if they do a subject they enjoy, There are other subjects that are just as important as politics and that There needs to be more of a balance in the workforce.Today I will be talking to you about how you don't need to pay too much attention to politics, the opportunities that will be missed if you continue to immerse yourself in politics and how much happier you could potentially be by not spending too much time following politics. The governance of our country is important. Politicians determine policies that effect our quality of life and standard of living and how tax payer money is spent. They run important institutions like hospitals and schools and courts. But, really, the average citizen does not have much say in these things. The area where we do have influence is over which party is in power. I am talking about your right to vote. In Australia an average election campaign goes on for 8 to 10 weeks. My argument to you today is that we don't have to pay attention to politics all the time. If we pay attention just some of the time during an election campaign, then this will be adequate to fulfil our democratic duty and vote for the politicians that are willing to handle all that boring stuff for us, so we can get on with our lives and have fun. In reality you only need to pay attention to parts of the campaign and then you can occasionally slip in the odd Netflix show or go out with your friends, in order to keep your brain sane from all that political talk. The best way to do this is to watch the news. The news gives you a brief outlining of political information, exposing you to enough politics that you won't be extremely bored by it. The news is o nly on for a certain amount of time, which can help you from overloading with politics.Imagine that you are sitting on the couch with your bowl of popcorn and you turn on the tv to watch the campaign, you watch it for hours, soaking in as much information as possible. Is that the way you want to live your life? I don't think so. Think of all the opportunities, missed. All the things you could do instead of watching politics. All the exercise, all the money you could be making, all the people you could be meeting and all the fun you could be having.The problems faced by our Politicians are big. They have to deal with war, poverty, illegal immigration and natural disasters. Seriously, if all you did all day, everyday was look at the political progress made on these critical issues you would likely become manic depressive. The alternative is to focus your energy on more positive pursuits and maintain your mental health, so when it is time to cast your all-important vote you can do so w ith a clear head and happy heart. So instead of paying more interest in politics you should pay more interest in yourself and your well being.

Free Essays on Distinctive Poems

worth, nature was like his lover when he was a little boy. â€Å"The coarser pleasures of my boyish days† is where he reflects back on the calming pleasures that he received (line 43). Nothing could satisfy his needs like nature could. He had a love for nature that no one else could fill. Now that he’s older, he looks at nature as a mother, always guiding him and putting his heart at ease. Whenever he is in despair or when he is feeling down, he would just lose himself in nature. Nature is like a mother that places her child’s head on her shoulder an... Free Essays on Distinctive Poems Free Essays on Distinctive Poems Romantic literature has three distinctive characteristics which include a persistent reference to Nature and her influence, intimate self-revelation of the poet’s emotions, and the use of contraries. Each one of these characteristics are displayed in the three following poems: Wordsworth’s Tintern Abbey, Coleridge’s Dejection: An Ode, and Keats’ The Eve of St. Agnes. The references to nature are evident in all of these poems, but the most clear is in Tintern Abbey. The self-revelation is exhibited in Dejection and the contraries are displayed all throughout The Eve of St. Agnes. In Tintern Abbey, Wordsworth reflects on the time when he and his sister would go to the banks in Tintern Abbey and he would just enjoy nature. His first reference to nature is when he was standing on the cliff watching the waterfalls and he placed him it a state of â€Å"deep seclusion† ( line 7). Wordsworth expresses his feelings about color green that he sees all around him. The color green represents rebirth or growth and with it being all throughout the banks, that would mean that everything is continuing to grow and reproduce. In line 30, he says that nature gives him a tranquil restoration. He is calm and at peace with everything when he is in the wild and surrounded by nature. Wordsworth then says that a â€Å"serene and blessed mood† comes over him while he is around nature (line 41). To Wordsworth, nature was like his lover when he was a little boy. â€Å"The coarser pleasures of my boyish days† is where he reflects back on the calming pleasures that he received (line 43). Nothing could satisfy his needs like nature could. He had a love for nature that no one else could fill. Now that he’s older, he looks at nature as a mother, always guiding him and putting his heart at ease. Whenever he is in despair or when he is feeling down, he would just lose himself in nature. Nature is like a mother that places her child’s head on her shoulder an...

A Socioeconomic Analysis in Sierra Leone Research Proposal

A Socioeconomic Analysis in Sierra Leone - Research Proposal Example The aggregate microfinance program in Sierra Leone has currently a loan portfolio worth US$3.4 million, with some 45,717 active borrowers and 23,243 depositors accounting for US$963,373.90 (MIX, 2011). Microfinance has been intended as the flagship project through which the government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) may effect grassroots level economic development while at the same time providing women the impetus to explore a wider range of possibilities and thereby contribute to the advancement of their families and communities. There is great difficulty, however, in the sourcing of loans for women to establish their businesses with. Traditionally, women are able to get loans only from their male relatives, and oftentimes with substantial collateral. While loans are available from the bank, this channel would only grant loans to women who have a man’s backing. When the loan is being taken out without a male endorser, it has been the case that women are commonly pressured into having sex by bank staff (Guardian, 2011). The sorry state of women under the traditional norms in Sierra Leone has prompted development planners to embark upon sustained and organized microfinance aimed specifically at women. Recently, the U.S. State Department had sent a mission, comprised of women technology experts, to Sierra Leone in order to gather the facts and recommend a solution as to how technology can improve women’s ability and subsequently empower them.... The sorry state of women under the traditional norms in Sierra Leone has prompted development planners to embark upon sustained and organized microfinance aimed specifically at women. Recently, the U.S. State Department had sent a mission, comprised of women technology experts, to Sierra Leone in order to gather the facts and recommend a solution as to how technology can improve women’s ability and subsequently empower them. â€Å"We know effective development comes when women are targeted† (Guardian, 2011), because of women’s generally close affinity to the household. As it stands, there are still no businesswomen’s group or any organization of the sort which could accelerate the process of enabling women to be economically productive 1.3 Statement of the research goal Briefly stated, the goal of this research is to determine whether or not the microfinance programs undertaken among the women in Sierra Leone have succeeded in empowering Sierra Leonean wom en in a significant way. 1.4 Research objectives In order to arrive at relevant conclusions in response to the research goal, the research shall seek to find answers to the following objectives: 1.4.1 To describe the state of operations undertaken by microfinance programs implemented in Sierra Leone 1.4.2 To determine the impact of microfinance programs on the economic development of the country 1.4.3 To determine the perception of women microfinance borrowers of their level of empowerment as a result of their availment of microfinance programs 1.4.4 To compare the data on the microfinance programs and the perception of respondent women borrowers of their level of empowerment, in an effort to correlate the two 1.4.5 To

Two Learning Theories Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Two Learning Theories - Assignment Example Two of these theories are the behaviorist theory and the humanist theory. Behaviorist theory view learning as the product of the stimulus conditions (S) and the responses (R) after the exposure to the stimulus. Due to the relationship between the stimulus and the responses, it is most often referred to as the S-R Model of Learning (Bastable, 2008, p. 54). Proponents of the behaviorist theory believe that behavior can be learned or unlearned by modifying the stimulus in the environment or the responses to the stimulus. This type of learning acquires learning through practical application, requiring less thinking and emotional affectations. Behaviorist theory created a significant impact on education and behavior change through classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning was identified by Ivan Pavlov and sometimes referred to as the Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning (Butts& Rich, 2011, p. 207). In classical conditoining, there is an introduct ion of a neutral stimulus to the unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response. The neutral stimulus has no connection with the unconditioned stimulus and response. ... 210). On the other hand, humanistic learning theory focuses on the person and emphasized the importance of feelings over thoughts(Butts& Rich, 2011, p. 229). Learning takes place when people are given the chance to express their feelings, making them an active participant in the learning process. The concept of hierarchy of needs by Abraham Maslow has strengthened the humanistic theory as well as the construct of self-concept by Rogers which identified individual need for unconditional positive self-regard (Butts& Rich, 2011, p. 230). Humanistic theory’smain advantage over other learning theories is its holistic approach and openness in education and health care field. Learning Theories and Nursing Practice Learning theories is crucial to nursing practice. Evidences of interconnection are found between patients and families who wanted to acquire information on how to adjust to a particular medical condition, in students getting hold of information and skills needed to become a nurse, or in health care professionals designing effective teaching plan for patients. All of these demonstrate relationship of learning theories with the nursing practice. Learning theories serve as frameworks for health care professionals on planning learning outcomes.The construction of different learning theories enables the health professionals to understand how the introduction of knowledge can affect an individual’s feeling, thoughts, and behavior. Learning theories were also linked to the health counseling, work organization, and hospital’s management, marketing, and advertising (Bastable, 2008, p. 73). Nurses are often the professionals involved in health education of patients. That is why they always

Managing Profitable Customer Relationship Marketing Essay

Managing Profitable Customer Relationship Marketing Essay According to (Kotler, 2006) marketing is Managing profitable customer relationship, the aim of marketing is to create value for the customer and to capture value in return. Marketing is all about dealing with customers and that is what TESCO plc believes in. Marketing strategy indicates the specific target markets and the types of competitive advantages to be developed (Dibb, Simkin, Pride and Ferrell, 1997). Tesco  plc  is a British international grocery and general merchandising retail chain. It is the largest British retailer  by both global sales and domestic market share. Tescos management places an emphasis on customer needs through Tesco values philosophy, expressed as two values -no one tries harder for customers; treat people how we like to be treated. Marketing business is about how one position their business, in order to satisfy your markets needs. Marketing mix is the collaboration of elements that we use to market our product. There are four Ps in marketing mix; they are Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. Tescos management first understands what their local customers want and what their needs are. On the bases of this, they produce and market their products. Management takes proper care in fixing their product prices, during which they mainly consider their customers satisfaction and then their profits. They make sure that their products sold, and are suitable for their local customer needs before they launch their products. Tesco is very skillful in promoting their products. The promotional offers that they give whenever their new products are launched and their advertisings in papers and magazine will prove this. These four Ps are extended to seven Ps in later stages; the extended Ps include People, Process, and Physical evidence. 2.2 TESCO IN INTERNATIONAL MARKET. International marketing is the process of planning and conducting transactions across nation borders to create exchanges that satisfy the objective of individuals and organizations Tesco operates in 18 countries all over the world. Tescos deep understanding of its customers in each market has led to many small changes in way Tesco operates its loyalty programs in each country. This manifests itself in even the simplest way, with the South Korean version named family card and the China program named member card. In such a manner, Tesco is making the local people of different countries feel much closer to them. The main difference between domestic marketing and international marketing will be that, in international marketing process behavioral aspects of marketing, such as mainly culture, societal, and social circumstances that will be re-flecked, so should be taken in to consideration. Where in domestic marketing these above aspects could mostly ignored. Tesco understands the countries culture, social responsibility and other key factors before it enters in to that country. It will make sure that it is capable of taking the necessary changes pre orderly. 2.3 SWOT ANALYSIS OF TESCO. SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a business venture. Strengths Weaknesses Leading market position Customization of products and services on bases of its local market requirements Low quality products produced in during 2009 in Ireland lease towards its loss of brand name Opportunities Threats New stores in different new regions Enter in to Indian market Growing population of tesco.com Recession effects in 2009 Heavy competition in UK grocery market 2.3.1 TOWS MATRIX TOWS matrix analyses the external environment (threats and opportunities), and internal environment (weakness and strengths). An organization can use this technique to think about the strategy of the whole organization. Strengths. Weaknesses Opportunities SO Brand awareness growing globally WO Innovation and alliances Threats ST Strong financial situation WT M table.1 The above matrix is the tows matrix. This tows matrix is helpful to explain the SWOT analysis more clearly. The below described pie diagram will give the details of the top ten food retailers in United Kingdom in year 2003. Country GROUP SALES ACROSS INTERNATIONAL MARKET (2009) in  £ bn UK 41.5 REST OF EUROPE 10.1 ASIA 7.6 US 0.2 GROUP SALES ACROSS INTERNATIONAL MARKET M Pie chart.1 SOURCE: http://www.investis.com/tesco/pdf/review2009.pdf (2010) 2.4 CULTURE IN TESCO. Understanding the culture in a country or region in which you are doing business is a critical skill for the international businessperson or organization. Without this knowledge, a successful outcome of the business venture can be in jeopardy. Gareth Morgan defines an organizational culture as The set of the beliefs, values, and norms, together with a symbol like dramatized events and personalities, which represent the unique character of an organization, and provide the context for action in it and by it. Tesco trusts that every employees job in the company is to help their customers, however they can and wherever they are needed. They treat their employees with trust and respect, and that is the major reason why so many of their employees are with them for more than 25 years. 2.5 COMPLEXITY ICEDRIPS MODEL. ICEDRIPS model will explain few major aspects of an organization. I Innovations: Tesco has being entering in to new markets every year. Tesco had recently interred in to India. It gives a chance to all their employees to give new ideas so that they can service their customers in a better way. C Competitors: Tesco has a heavy competition in its market. Asda, Sainsbury, and Morrison are the top competitors of Tesco. E Economic: Tescos major backup is its strong economic background. Its group sales in 2009 were  £ 59,426m. It has a very efficient money rotation process. D Demographic COUNTRIES POPULATION LANGUAGE GDP TURNOVER (2009) GDP PER CAPITA (PPP) UNITED KINGDOM 61,113,205 ENGLISH $2.224 trillion $38,191 $35,200 USA 307,212,123 ENGLISH $14.43 trillion $206 $46,400 ASIA 3,879,000,000 MANY $18.511 trillion $7,068 $20,800 EUROPE 731,000,000 ENGLISH $16.18 trillion $8,862 $32,500 R Regulatory: Before entering in to a countrys market, Tesco will first understand all its countrys rules and political influences of the country. I Infrastructure: Tescos management makes sure that they have the best infrastructure which will fulfil all their needs. P Partners: Partners of Tesco are Electra Entertainment, HP S Socio culture: Tesco understands that every different region will have a different culture and is trying to change itself to set in to it. 2.6 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF TESCO. In the World Business council for sustainable development, Lord Holme and Richard Watts (1.1.2000) defined corporate social responsibility, as It is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as the local community and society at large. Tescos Corporate Social Responsibility policy objective is to earn the trust or their customers by acting responsibly in the community they serve. Their core purpose of business is to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. Tescos aims: Is to offer value through competitive prices , high quality food Be helpful through customer service , customer communication To be innovative by their new products development, retail service through technology. As Tesco is a customer based company, which means service is heart of its business. It can provide more new services to its customers such as round the clock service, by setting up more new branches, taking proper care of existing branches which includes frequent checking of products availability, and staff availability, providing more offers and marketing the offers available. 2.7 BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP (BCG) MATRIX OF TESCO. The BCG Growth-share matrix is a portfolio-planning model developed by Bruce Henderson of Boston consulting group in the early 1970s. This matrix is based on the companys business unit and will classify into four categories based on combinations of market growth and market share. Tesco had kept its footprint in Ireland in the year 1998. It was hard for Tesco to reach the Irish customers, as they were extremely sensitive in regard to the foreign brands. Tesco strongly believes and understand that international differences will be taking place. So keeping this in mind, they have taking every small step in such a way that their customers are completely satisfied with their service. Let us consider an example: Tesco understands its customers in such a way that, in many Asian counties customers come in bikes and scooters as they prefer shopping in small quantities. So Tesco had taken steps in providing more bike and scooter parking when compared to car parking. They also take care in their prices, as they understand that they have wide range of competitors around them. 2.8 CHANNEL DECISIONS. According to Warren J. Keegan (1989) Channel decisions is defined as The structure of intercompany organization units and extra company agents and dealers, wholesale and retail, through which a commodity, product, or service is marketed. In this there will be two key elements: internal distribution and external distribution. These utilities are the basic source of competitive advantage and production value so should be considered as the key factor of an organization. How these internal distribution and external distribution are implemented in Tesco is explained below: Internal distribution KEY FACTORS IN TESCO Cost Lost cost brand growth. Strong cash flow position. Control Have in place both finance control (profits targets, capital bids and performance appraisal), and strategic control (overall strategic balance, agreed business plan, optional services and infrastructure). Customer service Customer service center open 24 hrs. Customer based company Motivation( employees) Allowance Friendly team leaders Order handling Outsourced transportation Outsourced External distribution KEY FACTORS IN TESCO Customer characteristics Understands customer requirements globally Nature of product Diverse range of products available Nature of demand Local need are understood Competition Wide range of competitors in different locations ( Asda, Sainsbury, and Morrison) Legal regulations It undergoes all the different regulations which are in all the countries 2.8 PROMOTION. According to Edward W. Cundiff and Marye Tharp Hilger (1988) Promotion is the communication function of marketing. Generally, promotion is communication with the public in an attempt to influence then toward buying your products and /or services. Tesco promotes its products in a wide range. It advertises their products through post, news paper, and television. Tesco understands the local customers interests and behavior and does its promotion such that they reach them. Tesco standardizes its product quality where ever it is. It also standardizes its customer service and its employees behavior towards their customers and also their co employees all over the world. Tesco needs to adopt new services and products, such as considering the local customers their requirements and needs. Tesco need to adopt the nature of providing products with high standards. Tesco believes that marketing is a process thought which they can reach their customers in the right direction and to satisfy their need, service is the only way. And Tesco is successful in most of the situations but it is not completely able to reach its international customers. It does not understand what their international customers as they dont supply all the local need to their customers. Tesco as so believes in marketing but fails in their promotion at some times. Tesco supplies its quality products but fails in some situation, because of which it had to withdraw from France and Taiwan.

Wuthering Heights - childs emotions vs. adult emotions :: essays research papers

Child Emotions vs. Adult Emotions All appearances said that Catherine Linton was as grown up as she could be, she was married and quite past the age when one is considered an adult. But, if one would look just a little farther, they could see that in all her rebelliousness she is maintaining a carefully constructed faà §ade, created to look adult while she spends hours of time dreaming about the childhood that she wished would last forever.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When we first see Catherine enter Nelly’s story she selfishly wanted the gift that her father promised her despite the fact that her father had gone out of his was to help a little boy that was all alone in the world. This is the first view of the selfish little girl emotions that eventually make her seem as if she is a little girl trapped in a woman’s body. But of course in this scene she was a child so it is excused individually but as a whole when put together along with the rest of the proof that she was a childish woman it shows just the beginning of the downward spiral that was Catherine Linton’s life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  She soon became very attached to Heathcliff. â€Å"She was much too fond of Heathcliff. The greatest punishment we could invent for her was to keep her separate from him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (E. Bronte pg67) it was quite clear that Catherine felt very strongly for Heathcliff, maybe even too strongly. An adult knows that it’s good for them to have some time of their own but that is not how a child thinks, they think they can be with their best friend forever without end. This is probably what led to the drastic change in Catherine’s personality after returning from the Grange after her stay as a young girl. Her love for Heathcliff and want to be with him cemented her younger personality but when separated that foundation broke and she found a new self. Both from the perspective of wanting to be with her best friend forever as well as the not knowing her true self, Catherine was still showing signs of not growing up. Sure her body grew and her intelligence t oo as she read a lot but her personality and desires didn’t seem to be growing with the rest of her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As Catherine continued to grow her relationship with Edgar Linton grew as well, she seemed to all to love him like a teenager would but she was still plagued by emotions that didn’t quite fit her age.

Analyzing Sherman Alexie’s “Superman and me” Essay

Can reading save a man’s way of life? Can reading save an entire culture? Sherman Alexie, an Indian creative writer writes an essay of which he acquaints us of his means in learning how to read, that is, through a Superman comic book. The essay was written in an alternating first person and third person style of telling. The first person way of telling was for his reflection. Those sentences that were written in the first person were Alexie’s own sentiments. The third person style was for his people. Probably it was meant as an insult since people who normally speak in a third person style are often deemed unintelligent since they cannot follow the rules of language. As the essays retells the experience of the author of how he learned how to read, there is one topic of which he focused, and that is how reading (and how it is connected to education) made a different impact in his way of life which can be very significant or relevant to the modern world today whose kids are taking education for granted. Reading and education Reading is a cognitive process of connecting meaning to a group of words, sentences, and letters. Not many can take the time to discipline themselves into liking and having reading as a habit but over the years reading has become a standard of calling a person or treating a person literate. It has become a mean to elevate one’s status. However, based on Sherman Alexie’s essay, knowing how to read downgrades the status of an Indian person. Indians are treated as the Native Americans. They weren’t treated kindly as the natives of the new world as history tells. They were often treated as the group of people who struggles with the advancement of life. People who are not social. If Indians were compared to animals, the Indians were the wild animals. And according to Alexie’s essay, the ones who stays wild, are the ones who’s status are high in the Indian world. In the modern world today, education has been treated as one of the major concerns of nations. More and more, the value and the quality of education have gone low and people in advance nations and culture are taking it for granted. On the other hand, Alexie and his dad are examples of people who defy the norms of their own society. People who counteracts their culture thus forming a kind a heroic act or in times a crime for/to their own people. â€Å"I am trying to save our lives. † (Alexie 2). Alexie expressed his sentiment of saving their lives in two styles. One was personal and the other was towards the children he was teaching. While he defied the accustomed treatment of Indians to non-Indian education (i. e. how he had man arguments with his classmates to shut up his mouth towards the questions of the non-Indian teacher), he was hopeful that his people might change their attitude towards education (the reason why he ought to be a teacher among his people). In some ways, education defines how a person hopes for his worth. It is more than the status, it also creating an opportunity for one’s self and knowing how to use education in helping one feel fulfilled.

Financial plan A case study - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3083 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? FINANCIAL PLAN FOR DR. MARK TAYLOR To: Dr. Mark Taylor Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial plan: A case study" essay for you Create order From: Financial Consultant Date: 16 May 2007 Introduction The purpose of a personal financial plan for Dr. Mark Taylor is to define his individual financial goals and find ways to achieve them. To identify goals for Dr. Taylor, it is essential to first understand what is important to him. But before doing that, Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s current state of affairs are examined (Refer Appendix A for Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Current State of Affairs) a) Financial Needs of Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Family Based on Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s personal situation at this point in life, all or just a few of the following may be his goals. Retire comfortably and have a reasonably good lifestyle post- retirement Provide for Davidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s college education. Be adequately covered for risk While some of these goals would be desirable, others are essential. Besides, goals can change over time. Deciding how to achieve the goals of Dr. Taylor is the crux of this financial plan. Assumptions: Financial plan is a plan for the future and future is uncertain. Therefore, certain assumptions have been made for defining the financial plan: Both Dr. Taylor and his wife have a life expectancy of 90 years Dr. Taylor will retire at an age of 65 years There is a single digit inflation of 3% Earnings as well as expenses will be affected by the same rate of change. Therefore, the change in income or expenses will be nullified Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s premature death will result in a 20% reduction of annual living expenses Dr. Taylor will be practicing good financial habits such as having a spending plan, investing regularly, and using credit wisely (Source: Garner et al (1999) Defining Timeframe for Goals ((Source: Yamanda Louisa )) Following a discussion with Dr. Taylor, a time frame has been defined for accomplishment of the main goals Short Term ( 2 years or less) Mid Term ( 2-10 years) Long Term ( More than 10 years) Comfortable retirement* 2024 onwards Childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Education 2014 Adequate Insurance 2007-08 *Comfortable retirement will also imply having own assets like a car at the time of retirement which is currently provided by the hospital. Dr Taylor needs to consider whether the time frame for a specific goal is flexible or has a fairly strict schedule. For instance, if he expects David to graduate from high school in 2014, he will want to make sure he has the money at that time to pay his college expenses. On the other hand, some goals like providing insurance coverage may be flexible. On the basis of these assumptions and the time frame, financial needs of Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s family have been worked out. Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Family Needs To determine the amount that Dr. Taylor will need in the future, it becomes imperative to put a price to Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s goals. Like the goals themselves, the costs too may change over time. This is because some things may grow increasingly expensive while others may become more affordable with the passage of time. Cost of most of the short-term goals can be anticipated by checking current prices. It is reasonable to assume that the cost will not be significantly different from what it is in the current year. (Source: Garner et al 1999) Retirement Planning Looking at Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s present portfolio and the projected inflation, it seems that at present he is able to maintain a good lifestyle. However, this may not be sufficient if he desires a similar lifestyle after retirement. The rule of thumb with retirement planning is that Dr. Taylor will need at least 75% to 85% of what he is currently earning to maintain his lifestyle when he retires. Thus, if he earns  £100,000 (including bonus) today, he will need an income of  £75,000 in the first year of retirement. Dr. Taylor should have accumulated sufficient amount in a retirement account to make it possible to withdraw what he needs when he retires. On an average, assuming the balance is compounding at an average annual rate of 6%, inflation averages 3% (assumed), and Dr. Taylor is planning on a 17-year retirement, at the time he retires he should have about 17 times the amount he expects to need in the first year. That should allow him to withdraw 5% of the total each year. Thus, if he plans to withdraw  £75,000 in the first year, he should have savings of about  £1.27 million. ( £75,000 * 17). This amount can be reduced as the assumption for the financial plan is that when Dr. Taylor retires, his expenses will come down by 20%. (Source: Yamanda Louisa ) Davidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Education Needs College costs for David can be estimated on the basis of average annual increases in the recent past. In the UK education costs seem to increase in line with the inflation. Dr Taylor may take insurance to cover the education costs of David. Alternatively he may invest money in an Education Saving Plan each year. The current cost for four years of university education, including books and additional fee, is approximately  £25000. Davidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s college education will begin in 2014. On the basis of the annual increases (in line with an inflation rate of 3%), his requirement each year beginning 2014 can be calculated by providing for the inflation. (Refer appendix A ). However, as David is currently going to a grammar school and Dr. Taylor is affording a fee of  £14,000 per annum and also at the time of Davidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s college, Dr. Taylor would not have retired, Davidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s education costs seem to be sufficiently covered. Emergency Fund In addition to the estimates based on the current requirements, an emergency fund too may be build up that will help prevent Dr. Taylor from being thrown off track by an unplanned loss of income or unexpected expenses. Dr. Taylor should keep around 6 months salary as emergency fund. Risk / Return Profile of Dr. Taylor Dr. Taylor seems to be a conservative investor. He has put money in a Building Society account which has a low risk. He has a portfolio of shares but these shares have been inherited and not invested by Dr. Taylor. Re-looking at Asset Allocation There is a need to re-look at his asset allocation. Dr. Taylor needs a strategy to help ensure that the money is available when he needs it. We recommend saving or investing or some combination of the two to ensure this. Saving vs. Investing While saving and investing both involve setting aside some of Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s income, saving will help Dr. Taylor preserve the money he has for a later time while earning interest on the principal. However, if he invests, he takes some calculated risks that he believes will make it possible for his investment to grow in value over time or provide long-term income, or both. Saving may prove to be an effective way of managing money to meet short-term needs. However, Dr. Taylor needs investments to achieve his longer-term goals. Invested money has the potential to increase substantially in value over the long term or provide more income than insured savings. The risk, of course, is that returns on investment assets are not guaranteed. Dr. Taylor has 17 years before he retires. ( Source: Jeffrey H Rattiner (2005)) He may benefit by setting aside some sum for long-term goals to equities either individually or through exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, or managed accounts that invest in stocks. (Refer Appendix B for features on recommended products) Although the value of an investment portfolio may fluctuate dramatically over periods over 15 or 20 years the earnings have the opportunity to compound. Inflation is another reason Dr. Taylor may want to invest rather than use a savings account to meet his long-term financial goals. This is because the rate of return on savings accounts is generally fairly low, and he may risk falling victim to inflation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ For example, if he puts  £10,000 in a money market account earning 2.5% interest, his account would have  £15,676 after 18 years. If inflation averaged 3% per year, his account value would have approximately  £8,500 worth of buying power. Alternatively, if he invests the money in a portfolio of stocks with an average annual return of 8% for 18 years, though not a guaranteed, he could have  £40,000. After accounting for 3% inflation he still would have more than  £21,500 worth of buying power. By keeping a close eye on your portfolio, Dr. Taylor can manage some of the risk that is often associated with investments. He should determine when to sell an investment, either to lock in a profit or prevent a loss.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ (Source: Yamanda Louisa ) Thus, we would recommend an asset allocation to Dr. Taylor that maximizes return on his portfolio while minimising the risk. Dr. Taylor should move from his current asset allocation as given below to a more balanced allocation and have a diversified portfolio. His portfolio should include investment in equity for growth, building society account for income and balanced returns through balanced stocks and bonds. We would propose an asset allocation as given below: Insurable Risk In addition to all the recommended investments for retirement planning, Dr. Taylor should also invest in life Insurance and disability insurance. Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s family faces some risks which are insurable. These include the following: Dr. Taylor and / or his wife may die or become disabled Risk to the house and its contents, failure to pay mortgage Taxes may be outstanding Childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Education costs need to be met Some of these risks are already covered for Dr. Taylor. For instance, Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s house is insured for  £500,000 and its contents for  £100,000. Besides, Dr. Taylor has a term assurance policy for  £200,000 to cover repayment of the mortgage on his or Julieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s death. However, Dr. Taylor requires adequate life insurance, disability insurance, outstanding debt and taxes insurance and maybe insurance for Davidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s education. In fact, if Dr. Taylor takes a permanent life insurance, he will also be covered for his childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s education, outstanding debt and taxes etc. If Dr. Taylor dies, life insurance will provide an income for survivors, coverage of funeral expenses, capital gains taxes on investments, real estate at death etc. However, Dr. Taylor should only take up the insurance in accordance to his affordability as if he defaults in payment of premium, it will merely wipe out the potential protection. Also the policy has to be adequate as if the policy is too small, his beneficiaries may have to use investment assets earmarked for future goals to pay living expenses. (Source: Hallman et al (2003)) Besides life insurance, Dr. Taylor should also take disability insurance. Disability insurance will offer protection against the possibility of being unable to meet the requirements of the family if Dr. Taylor is rendered disabled due to accident or illness. Most disability policies pay a percentage of salary (50% to 70%) if the insured is rendered disabled. In fact, disability insurance can make a major difference to Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial security should the unexpected happen. (Source: Hallman et al (2003)) Adequacy of Pension Based on the 15-year contributions made by Dr. Taylor, the pension balance stands at  £195000 (Refer Annexure A). By the time Dr. Taylor retires, another 17-years contribution would have been made. The impact of inflation on Pension fund has already been provided for and therefore the decline in the value of cash received at a later date is taken care of. It is assumed that when Dr. Taylor retires, there will be a 20% reduction in the expenses. However, it is also given that if something happens to Dr. Taylor, his wife will only be entitled to 50% of the pension. Therefore, Dr. Taylor should increase the amount of pension so that his family is adequately covered even if he dies. This can be done supplementing pension in two ways: Through personal pension Through stakeholders pension on behalf of David There is no maximum amount prescribed for such pension schemes. Personal Pension A personal pension scheme will provide Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s family a pension and a tax-free lump sum, payable if he dies before retirement. Dr. Taylor may get a tax-free lump sum on retirement of up to 25% of the pension fund which has been built up from his contributions and interest and/or bonuses paid by the pension provider. (Refer Appendix B for more details) Stakeholders Pension Dr. Taylor can start contributions to this pension from as little as  £20, and pay weekly, monthly or at less regular intervals. He will get tax relief on contributions of up to 100 per cent of your earnings each year, subject to anannual allowance ( £225,000 for the 2007-2008 tax year). (Refer Appendix B for more details) Recommendations As indicated earlier, Dr. Taylor needs to re-look at the asset allocation and balance his current portfolio. Dr. Taylor is using his cash earnings to meet his current requirements. However, cash earnings will not keep pace with the rate of inflation. Over time, as inflation and taxes erode what Dr. Taylor earns may not be sufficient to maintain his lifestyle. However, one cannot ignore Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s gross estate that form a part of the inheritance and legacy he leaves behind to his wife and child. Thus, He needs to have adequate amount to ensure adequate finances when he retires as well as meet his goals of providing security to his family and education to his son. Dr. Taylor will require at least 17 times his present earnings at the time of retirement. However, if he anticipates a longer retirement period, his rate of return may average less than 6% a year. Similarly, if inflation averages more than 3%, he will either need more savings or will have to withdraw at a lower rate. Dr. Taylor needs to invest in the following in the same order of priority: Equities either individually or through exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, or managed accounts that invest in stocks. Life insurance and disability insurance Emergency fund Education Saving Plan Total Words Excluding Appendices = 2362 APPENDICES APPENDIX A Dr. Mark Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Present Position Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s family Member Age Self 48 Remaining work life 17 years Julie 40 Does not work David 7 Major expense in the future will be on education Personal Income and Expense Statement based on Current Requirements Income Annual Amount ( £) Pre-tax salary income including bonus ( average) 100,000 Family Other Income (Yield @2.5% on shares)* 1,875 Income Taxes (Assuming a 40% tax slab)** 40,750 Total Family Income (After Taxes) 61,125 Own Contribution towards Pension*** 4,000 Net Available Income 57,125 Expenses Annual Amount ( £) Mortgage**** 11,400 Food / Clothing (@1200 per month) 14,400 Healthcare (@ 500 per month) 6,000 Utilities @500 per month 6,000 Childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Education 14,000 Entertainment (@200 per month) 2,400 Miscellaneous 800 Total Expenses 55,000 Net Savings 2,125 Contribution to Building Society 2,125 *Refer Working Note 1 below for calculation of yield on shares ** Tax slab on an average is assumed to be 40% for Dr. Taylor *** Refer Working Note 2 below for calculation of contribution towards pension ****Mortgage is assumed to be at a rate of 5% currently (Refer working note 3 below for calculation of mortgage amount) Note: All the expenses stated above are mere estimates. Familyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Present Assets Assets Present Value House bought in 1997 for  £350,000  £500,000 The house is partly financed with a  £200,000 25-year variable interest repayment mortgage from the Northern Rock Equity Shares  £75,000 Joint Building Society Account Deposit  £50,000 Mrs. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s building society account deposit  £15,000 Pension ( Current Value)  £195,000 (Refer Working Note 2 in Appendix B) Risk Coverage Coverage State Post Retirement Pension will be uplifted each year by a maximum of 4% to allow for inflation. Death If Dr. Taylor dies during employment, a lump sum of 2.5 time final salary will be paid to the family No life insurance or long-term disability policies. If Dr. Taylor should die, his wife would be paid half the pension that would have been paid to Dr. Taylor. No additional pension is paid for the children. Childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Education Not covered Working Notes: Calculation of Yield on Shares Yield on shares = 2.5% of  £75,000 Calculation of Pension Contribution to Pension = Own contribution + Employerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s contribution = 5% of  £80,000 + 10% of  £80,000=  £13000 15 year contribution =  £13000 x 15 =  £195000 Calculation of present annual repayment mortgage amount Total amount on mortgage in 1997  £200,000 Mortgage Period 25 years Remaining Period left in 2007, 25 years à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 10 years (from 1997 to 2007) = 15 years Assumed variable rate of interest =5 % per annum Principal amount due =  £8,000 Total amount due per annum = £11,400 Calculation of Davidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Fee in 2014 Fee required after 7-8 years = 25000 (1+0.03)8 Note: Due to unavailability f data, some calculations use hypothetical data APPENDIX B Recommended Financial Products Equity Investment Equity investment generally involves buying and holding of shares of stock on a stock market. Returns are in the form of income from dividends and capital gain as the value of the stock rises. Exchange Traded Funds Exchange-traded funds are open ended mutual funds that can be traded at any time throughout the course of the day. ETFs try to replicate a stock market index such as the SP 50 Life Insurance Life insurance provides for a payment of a sum of money upon the death of the insured. In addition, life insurance can be used as a means of investment or saving. It is one of the most important investments to provide financial security to the family. Life insurance benefits payable to a designated beneficiary are non-taxable and are not subject to probate fees. Disability Insurance Disability insurance offers protection against the possibility that one may not be able to meet his / her financial obligations due to accident or illness. Long-term disability insurance is provided with coverage equal to about sixty percent (60%) of the gross salary when combined with social security and other benefits. Personal pension Scheme It is a UK tax-privileged individual savings plan, designed to build a capital sum exclusively to provide retirement benefits. The capital sum must be used to provide benefits between age 50 and 75. On vesting a tax-free lump sum of up to 25% of the fund can be taken but the remainder must be used to provide an income either through a drawdown arrangement or through the purchase of an annuity. Stakeholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Pension Scheme They are a new form of private pension and form an integral part of the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s overall pension policy. One gets a tax relief on contributions of up to 100 per cent of your earnings each year, subject to anannual allowance ( £225,000 for the 2007-2008 tax year). If you are a higher rate taxpayer you can claim the extra tax back. Savings above the annual allowance will be subject to a tax charge. References: G. Victor Hallman, Jerry S. Rosenbloom (2003) Personal Financial Planning McGraw-Hill Jeffrey H Rattiner (2005) Financial Planning Answer Book, CCH Publishers Robert J. Garner, Charles L. Ratner, Barbara J. Raasch, Martin Nissenbaum, Robert B. Coplan (1999) 3rd Edition, Ernst and Youngs Personal Financial Planning Guide, John Wiley Sons Yamanda Louisa, Creating a personal Financial Plan, accessed from https://www.pathtoinvesting.org/experts/finanplan/exp_pm_finanplan_071.htm Page 1 of 10